Basics

Back to the spell book

1. Simple Arithmetic

5 + 7

12

20 - 8

12

30 * 50

1500

2500 / 500

5.0

2500 // 501

4

2 ** 8

256

30 % 7

2

2 + 6 * 8

50

(2 + 6) * 8

64

8.6 * 1.23456789

10.617283853999998

8.6 ** 123

8.776260445878955e+114

2. Using math library for mathematical functions.

import math

Alternatively, use the following to avoid specifying the library in the function

from math import *

math.log(26 + 3)

3.367295829986474

math.sqrt(123)

11.090536506409418

# log base 2
math.log(4,2)

2.0

math.exp(10)

22026.465794806718

math.pow(2,8)

256.0

math.factorial(6)

720

# convert degrees to radians first
round(math.sin(math.radians(30)),2)

0.5

3. List functions in a library

dir(math)

['__doc__',
 '__file__',
 '__loader__',
 '__name__',
 '__package__',
 '__spec__',
 'acos',
 'acosh',
 'asin',
 'asinh',
 'atan',
 'atan2',
 'atanh',
 'ceil',
 'comb',
 'copysign',
 'cos',
 'cosh',
 'degrees',
 'dist',
 'e',
 'erf',
 'erfc',
 'exp',
 'expm1',
 'fabs',
 'factorial',
 'floor',
 'fmod',
 'frexp',
 'fsum',
 'gamma',
 'gcd',
 'hypot',
 'inf',
 'isclose',
 'isfinite',
 'isinf',
 'isnan',
 'isqrt',
 'lcm',
 'ldexp',
 'lgamma',
 'log',
 'log10',
 'log1p',
 'log2',
 'modf',
 'nan',
 'nextafter',
 'perm',
 'pi',
 'pow',
 'prod',
 'radians',
 'remainder',
 'sin',
 'sinh',
 'sqrt',
 'tan',
 'tanh',
 'tau',
 'trunc',
 'ulp']

4. Help with specific function

print(math.log.__doc__)

log(x, [base=math.e])
Return the logarithm of x to the given base.

If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.

help(math.sqrt)

Help on built-in function sqrt in module math:

sqrt(x, /)
    Return the square root of x.

4. Type

type(666)

int

type(666.666)

float

type("666")

str

5. Strings

print("hello jedi")

hello jedi

len("yeoda")

5

"I am a" + " " + "jedi master" + "!!"

'I am a jedi master!!'

"force" * 3

'forceforceforce'

"6" * 3

'666'

print("may", "the", "force", "be", "you")

may the force be you

print("may", "the", "force", "be", "you", sep = ",")

may,the,force,be,you

print("may the force")
print("be with you")

may the force
be with you

6. Boolean Logic

6.1 Equivalence

True == True

True

False == False

True

True == False

False

False == True

False

True != False

True

False != True

True

not False

True

not True

False

6.2 AND

True and True

True

False and False

False

True and False

False

False and True

False

6.3 OR

True or True

True

False or False

False

True or False

True

False or True

True

7. Conversions

float(5)

5.0

str(888)

'888'

int(5.789)

5

round(3.142,2)

3.14

8. Variables

me = "jedi"
me

'jedi'

x = 5
y = 10
x * y

50

a, b = 10, 20
a * b

200

you = input("What are you? ")
print("Hello " + you.capitalize() + "!")

What are you? Jedi
Hello Jedi!

drink = input("What would you like to drink? ")
print("I want", drink)

What would you like to drink? root beer
I want root beer

print(drink.capitalize(), "is the best beer on the planet!")

Root beer is the best beer on the planet!

drinks = input("How many drinks did you have? ").strip()
drinks10 = int(drinks) + 10
print("You probably drank " + str(drinks10) + ".")

How many drinks did you have? 6
You probably drank 16.

answer = input("Are we done yet? ")
print(answer, "we are done " + ":-)")

Are we done yet? Yes
Yes we are done :-)